La competencia digital en edades tempranas: una experiencia educativa con Makey Makey

Treball final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Infantil. Codi: MI1040. Curs acadèmic 2016-2017Actualmente, vivimos en una sociedad en la que la informática y los medios audiovisuales de comunicación son muy influyentes. Así pues, también influye en nuestros comportamientos. En muchos casos, los ordenadores tienen unos interfaces lúdicos y atractivos que hacen que este tipo de herramientas sean interesantes para el ámbito educativo. Además, cabe destacar que la motivación es un papel muy importante en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. La utilización de juegos de ordenador favorece el proceso de aprendizaje. Así mismo, la robótica educativa puede ser una herramienta de interacción para experimentar y jugar con la tecnología. Por ello, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es crear y desarrollar una intervención educativa con Makey Makey introduciendo la robótica y desarrollando la competencia digital en edades tempranas. De manera más específica, se ha diseñado a partir de la revisión de la experiencia con Makey Makey una intervención para 22 niños/as de 3 años. Ha sido puesta en práctica en un colegio público de Almazora. De este modo, se ha analizado la motivación, participación, practicidad, y la utilidad tras la intervención educativa. Para así, explorar la efectividad de la experiencia de robótica en la competencia digital. Para conseguir estos objetivos, se han realizado 4 sesiones que constan de 3 actividades atractivas y dinámicas. Además, los instrumentos de evaluación utilizados para valorar dichas sesiones, han sido la observación mediante escalas de estimación. De esta forma, verificamos que hemos conseguido nuestra finalidad. Una vez llevadas a cabo las sesiones, podemos ver que han resultado muy motivadoras y participativas. Así pues, resulta factible porque se han conseguido los objetivos específicos. Además, una de las contribuciones de esta investigación es que las actividades creadas están publicadas y en abierto para poder ser utilizadas. En definitiva, se puede decir que los niños/as han tenido una aceptación positiva

Análisis de los flujos de materiales de una región: Cataluña (1996-2000)

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del Análisis de Flujos de Materiales entre los años 1996 y 2000 para el caso de Cataluña, una región situada en el noreste de España. Los resultados muestran un crecimiento de los indicadores de entrada de materiales y de consumo muy superior al crecimiento de la población y del Producto Interior Bruto, descartándose la posible tendencia a la desmaterialización absoluta o relativa, y mostrando un fuerte dominio de consumo de recursos no renovables. Asimismo se observa una gran dependencia del exterior, tanto en la entrada de recursos como en las exportaciones. Las importaciones aumentan a lo largo del periodo analizado, compensando la falta de recursos primarios del sistema. Parte de los materiales importados son exportados, mostrando Cataluña cómo una región de tránsito de mercancías, sometida a el Efecto Rótterdam. A la vez una fracción de las importaciones se revende con beneficio para Cataluña siguiendo el comportamiento propio de la zona alta de la curva del Notario.Análisis de flujos de materiales, escala regional, indicadores ambientales, Cataluña (España)

Explotación en línea de obras y prestaciones protegidas por el derecho de autor: objeto, sujetos, contenido y límites.

El objeto de estudio se centra en el análisis de los principales problemas y cuestiones que suscita hoy la explotación en línea de los contenidos protegidos por el Derecho de autor. Para ofrecer un tratamiento más didáctico y clarificador hemos adoptado en nuestro análisis una estructura clásica de derecho subjetivo, de acuerdo con sus elementos definitorios y delimitadores, sujeto, objeto, contenido y límites. Estos elementos vertebran las cuatro partes en las que se estructura la tesis, precedidas de una introducción en la que hemos fijado el marco de referencia de nuestro estudio. A través de este estudio, siguiendo este esquema expositivo, desde la propia estructura o armazón jurídico del derecho, se ha comprobado que esta tecnología no ha supuesto una huida del Derecho de Autor, sino más bien al contrario, ha reforzado su vigencia, si bien ha debido adaptarse a la complejidad técnica del nuevo medio. En este sentido, y al ser Internet una nueva forma de producción de bienes intelectuales, hemos analizado la incidencia que este nuevo entorno genera respecto a la protección del derecho de autor. Adoptando para ello un enfoque normativo amplio, tanto a nivel internacional como europeo, y un análisis jurisprudencial que incide en la principal jurisprudencia norteamericana y europea al respecto, en especial, la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea en la interpretación de los preceptos de la Directiva 2001/29/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 22 de mayo de 2001, relativa a la armonización de determinados aspectos de los derechos de autor y derechos afines a los derechos de autor en la sociedad de la información. En primer lugar, desde el punto de vista de los sujetos que intervienen en el nuevo entorno de explotación, se adopta un enfoque amplio, que contempla la pluralidad de sujetos que intervienen hoy en el proceso de producción y transmisión de contenidos protegidos, y que van más allá de los titulares de derechos de autor sobre ellos, incidiendo, de modo especial, en la responsabilidad de los intermediarios técnicos y los prestadores de servicios de la sociedad de la información. En segundo lugar, respecto al objeto de la explotación online, se analiza, de modo especial, la incidencia que en el nuevo medio adquieren determinados elementos que además de formar parte de la arquitectura de la red, como bases de datos y páginas webs, pueden ser también objetos protegidos, así como la necesidad de calificar desde el punto de vista del derecho de autor los actos de enlace. En tercer lugar, y respecto al contenido del derecho de autor, se analizan los principales derechos de explotación patrimonial afectados por el nuevo entorno, así como las principales conductas vulneradoras de los mismos. En este sentido, abordamos, en especial, la calificación como actos de explotación patrimonial del intercambio de archivos con contenidos protegidos por el derecho de autor en redes peer-to-peer, así como la puesta a disposición del público de contenidos protegidos sin autorización para su disfrute in streaming. La calificación jurídica de estos actos parte de un análisis de aquellos elementos que dentro del ámbito de explotación de la obra permiten abordar una adecuada delimitación entre utilización pública y privada de contenidos protegidos en la red. Finalmente, se aborda en la última parte de esta tesis, el estudio del régimen especial de los límites del derecho de autor en el entorno en línea, en su conexión con las medidas tecnológicas de protección y la duración de los derechos de explotación patrimonial, y desde una visión integradora en el propio sistema Derecho de Autor.The object of this study focuses on the analysis of the main problems and issues raised today the online exploitation of protected by the Copyright contents. To provide a more didactic and clarifying treatment we have adopted in our analysis a classical structure of subjective right, according to its defining and delimiting, subject elements, object, content and limits. These elements form the backbone of the four parts in this thesis, preceded by an introduction, which have set the framework of our study is structured. Through of this study, following this exhibition scheme, since the structure itself or the legal framework of the law, it has been found that this technology has not been an escape of copyright, but rather the contrary, it has strengthened its force, although It has had to adapt to the technical complexity of the new medium. In this sense, Internet is a new form of production of intellectual property, we have analyzed the impact that this new environment creates regarding the protection of Copyright. Thereby adopting a broad policy approach both at international and European level, and a jurisprudential analysis that affects the main Northamerican and European case law, especially the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the interpretation of the rules Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonization of certain aspects of copyright and rights related to copyright in the information society rights. First, from the point of view of the persons involved in the new operating environment, a comprehensive approach, which includes the plurality of persons involved now in the process of production and transmission of protected content it is adopted, ranging beyond the holders of copyright on them, focusing, in a special way the responsibility of technical intermediaries and service providers of the information society. Second, the subject matter of the online operation is analyzed in a special way, the impact that the new medium acquire certain elements that also form part of the network architecture, such as databases and websites, may objects also be protected, as well as the need to qualify from the point of view of copyright binding acts. Thirdly, with regard to the content of copyright, the main rights to exploit affected by the new environment, and the main infringing conduct of these analyzes. In this sense, we approach, especially qualifying as acts of exploitation equity exchange files protected by copyright in peer-to-peer networks, content, and the availability to the public of protected content without authorization your enjoyment in streaming. The legal qualification of these acts on an analysis of those elements within the scope of exploitation of the work can address proper demarcation between public and private use of protected content on the network. Finally, it is addressed in the last part of this thesis, the study of special arrangements the limits of copyright in the online environment, in connection with technological protection measures and the duration of rights to exploit, and from an integrated vision system in law author

Rubrics for academic dissertation assessment. Does peer assessment work?

[EN] In the recent context of student-centered learning, they are more involved in the whole learning process, while the teacher is only a guide through their learning. This implies that students must be also involved in the assessment process. Following this idea, the peer assessment tries to give the students the opportunity to be in the evaluator position and maybe experience a reflexion about the criteria, what an external person sees in what he/she has to assess. When students have the role of assessing their classmates work, they pay more attention to the content and formal details of the presentation; therefore they can easily identify key points involved in an academic dissertation. This is a good opportunity to actively learn some basic transversal skills for any kind of presentation. Under this context, we present in this paper a comparison of the marks given by both students and teachers, to the same academic dissertation. In addition, we provide the rubric provided to students as a guide for the assessment. As results show, the students’ final decision to assess their peers’ work is quite close to the teacher’s decision. Only light differences were identified, on average, students gave a slightly higher mark to their classmates than the teacher did. However, a correlation on students and teacher marks was found.Pardo García, C.; Caballer Tarazona, V.; Caballer-Tarazona, M. (2019). Rubrics for academic dissertation assessment. Does peer assessment work?. En INNODOCT/18. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 129-138. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2018.2018.8835OCS12913

Análisis de los flujos de materiales de una región : Cataluña (1996-2000)

En este trabajo se presenta una primera estimación del Análisis de Flujos de Materiales entre los años 1996 y 2000 para el caso de Cataluña, una región situada en el noreste de España. Los resultados muestran un crecimiento de los indicadores de entrada de materiales y de consumo muy superior al crecimiento de la población y del Producto Interior Bruto, descartándose la posible tendencia a la desmaterialización absoluta o relativa, y mostrando un fuerte dominio de consumo de recursos no renovables. Asimismo se observa una gran dependencia del extrior, tanto en la entrada de recursos como en las exportaciones. Las importaciones aumentan a lo largo del período analizado, cpmensando la falta de recursos primarios del sistema. Parte de los materiales importados son exportados, mostrando Cataluña como una región de tránsito de mercancías, sometida al Efecto Rótterdam. A la vez una fracción de las importaciones se revende con beneficio para Cataluña siguiendo el comportamiento propio de la zona alta de la curva del Notario.The paper presents the Material Flow Analysis for Catalonia (NE Spain) in the period 1996 - 2000. The results show no symptom of neither weak nor strong dematerialization, otherwise the increase in material inputs and consumption a long the period is higher than population and GDP growth; with dominance of non-renewable resources. There is a high dependence on foreign trade. On one hand, imports has increased a long the period analyzed to compensate the lack of primary resources in the own system. On the other hand, the price of exports is higher than imports, supposing important economic input for Catalonia

Increasing environmental sciences students' awareness of the link between soil and Sustainable Development Goals

[EN] Education must prepare students to find solutions for the global and local challenges of today and the future, by conferring students the knowledge, skills and attitudes to address them, including environmental degradation. Soils perform a number of key environmental, social and economic functions (e.g. production of food and biomass, nutrient cycling, water filter, climate control). Various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are connected with soil. Sustainable soil use is crucial for many SDGs. Target 2.4 of SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) mentions the implementation of resilient agricultural practices to improve land and soil quality. Target 3.9 of the SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing) indicates that the number of deaths and illnesses from soil pollution and contamination must be substantially reduced. Target 12.4 of SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) mentions reducing the release of chemicals to soil to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment. Target 15.3 of SDG 15 (Life on Land) includes the restoration of degraded soil. Although soil is not mentioned in other SDG targets, it is related to other SDGs. We present the results of the analysis of the activity performed by the students related to soil and SDGs and the transversal competence ¿knowledge of contemporary problems¿. In the activity, the students were asked to write down with reasons the SDGs that soil is related to. Afterward, they were asked to write down soil degradation processes and their consequences for people lives and the environment. Next the students worked in groups on the link between soil functions and soil degradation processes using communication material designed by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Finally, they answered a questionnaire, and five open questions to explain the link between soil and the SDGs 2, 3, 6, 13 and 15. The students gave a value of 9.1 out of 10 to the importance of knowledge toward an integrated approach to the environment. The students rated the importance of studying Soil Science to increase their ability to perceive and realize the existence and uniqueness of soils with 8.7 out of 10. The need to raise awareness about soils among people who are not in direct contact with soils was rated with 9.2 out of 10. The students who knew that the SDGs have 169 targets were 85%. The students related the statement ¿Women remain a minority in soil science¿ to SDGs 5 (Gender Equality) and 10 (Reduced inequalities). Ninety-five percent of the students stated that "zero hunger" is not only a question of crop production, but it is also related to the quality of education, malnutrition, etc. All the students stated that there is now scientific evidence that healthy soils support nutritious and healthy food and, therefore, contribute to people's health. When students were asked about the origin of toxicity in the soil that can affect human health, 50% named heavy metals, 35% radioactive elements, 35% organic chemicals, and 15% diseases due to exposure to soil organisms. The students were asked if they knew that zinc deficiency is the fifth leading cause of death and disease in the developing world; only 52% said that they did. Soil science has important links to several SDGs and students must know them to advance in their achievement.Lull, C.; Llinares Palacios, JV.; Bautista, I.; Lidón, A. (2022). Increasing environmental sciences students' awareness of the link between soil and Sustainable Development Goals. IATED. 5708-5717. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2022.1344S5708571

Expanding student engagement in SDG 13 'Climate Action'

[EN] In September 2019, the UN Secretary-General called on all sectors of society to mobilize for a Decade of Action. The Decade of Action calls for accelerating sustainable solutions to all the world¿s biggest challenges by 2030. At the heart of Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development are 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDGs aim to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all by 2030. The SDG 13 ¿Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts¿ has the target 13.3 ¿Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning¿. Nowadays, many universities are engaged in achieving SDGs. It is crucial that climate change is included as part of universities¿ teaching, and also the development of SDG 13 awareness activities for students. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the activity performed as part of a course in Meteorology that intends to increase students' awareness of the climate change problem. This action took place with students of the Bachelor¿s Degree in Environmental Sciences at the Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain). The prepared activity was entitled: Students committed to climate change. Its learning outcomes were to describe what happens to the temperature and CO¿ concerning climate change; explain how global warming is dominated by past and future CO¿ emissions; argue the importance of acting against global warming and cutting greenhouse gas emissions; and to enlighten students about the impact that our daily habits have on the environment. Performing this activity consisted in finding out about SDG 13 and the European CO2MVS initiative to accurately measure the amount of anthropogenic CO¿ emissions, and completing a questionnaire. The results obtained from the questionnaire show that 84% of university students are aware that climate change is happening now and it is caused mainly by human activities. Many students agreed with the following affirmations: a university must have a climate change policy (96%); a university must contribute in its operation to achieve the adaptation strategies to climate change set by the government (92%); a university must educate its students about the causes (100%) and impacts (100%) of climate change; a university should encourage its students to seek solutions to climate change problems (100%). A high percentage of the students (80%) confirmed that they adopt the necessary initiatives to reduce CO¿ as much as possible in their everyday lives. Twenty-four percent of them stated that they could not explain to other students the origin of CO¿ in the atmosphere, and 36% of the students did not have enough arguments to explain why adopting a wide range of technological measures and behavioral changes could limit the rise in the global average temperature to 2°C above pre-industrial levels. Finally, the students answered various open questions about how to reduce atmospheric CO¿ levels, individual actions to reduce the carbon footprint, social problems that climate change entails, and how citizens can be made aware of the importance of reducing CO¿. These results show the need to improve climate change knowledge in education.This work has been sponsored by the Vice-Rectorate for Organization of Studies, Quality and Accreditation of the Universitat Poltècnica de València (Valencia, Spain) as part of the UPV¿s Educational Innovation and Improvement Projects (Reference PIME 20-21/224) entitled Moving towards Sustainable Development Goals at the UPV: the poliODS Project.Lull, C.; Llinares Palacios, JV.; Soriano Soto, MD. (2022). Expanding student engagement in SDG 13 'Climate Action'. IATED. 5611-5617. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2022.13185611561

Impact of a Web-Based Exercise and Nutritional Education Intervention in Patients Who Are Obese With Hypertension: Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial

Background: Internet-based interventions are a promising strategy for promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors. These have a tremendous potential for delivering electronic health interventions in scalable and cost-effective ways. There is strong evidence that the use of these programs can lead to weight loss and can lower patients’ average blood pressure (BP) levels. So far, few studies have investigated the effects of internet-based programs on patients who are obese with hypertension (HTN). Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the short- and long-term efficacy, in terms of body composition and BP parameters, of a self-administered internet-based intervention involving different modules and learning techniques aimed at promoting lifestyle changes (both physical activity and healthy eating) in patients who are obese with HTN. Methods: A randomized wait-list controlled trial design was used. We recruited 105 adults with HTN who were overweight or obese and randomly assigned them to either a 3-month internet-based intervention group (n=55) or the wait-list control group (n=50). We assessed BMI (primary outcome), body fat mass (BFM), systolic (S)BP and diastolic (D)BP, blood glucose and insulin levels, physical activity levels, and functional capacity for aerobic exercise at Time 0 (preintervention) and Time 1 (postintervention). All the patients in the wait-list control group subsequently received the intervention, and a secondary within-group analysis, which also included these participants, was conducted at Time 2 (12-month follow-up). Results: A 2-way mixed analysis of covariance showed a significant decrease in BMI, BFM, and blood glucose at 3 months in the internet-based intervention group; the effect size for the BMI and BFM parameters was moderate to large, and there was also a borderline significant trend for DBP and insulin. These results were either maintained or improved upon at Time 2 and showed significant changes for BMI (mean difference −0.4, 95% CI −0.1 to −0.6; P=.005), BFM (mean difference −2.4, 95% CI −1.1 to −3.6; P<.001), DBP (mean difference −1.8, 95% CI −0.2 to −3.3; P=.03), and blood glucose (mean difference −2, 95% CI 0 to −4; P=.04). Conclusions: Implementation of our self-administered internet-based intervention, which involved different learning techniques aimed to promote lifestyle changes, resulted in positive short- and long-term health benefits in patients who are obese with HTN

Proline as a biochemical marker in relation to the ecology of two halophytic Juncus species

"This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Plant Ecology following peer review."[EN] Aims Osmolytes, used for maintaining osmotic balance and as osmoprotectants , are synthesized in plants as a general, conserved response to abiotic stress, although their contribution to stress-tolerance mechanisms remains unclear. Proline, the most common osmolyte, accumulates in many plant species in parallel with increased external salinity and is considered a reliable biochemical marker of salt stress. We have measured proline levels in two halophytic, closely related Juncus species under laboratory and field conditions to assess the possible relevance of proline biosynthesis for salt tolerance and therefore for the ecology of these two taxa. Methods Proline was quantified in plants treated with increasing NaCl concentrations and in plants sampled in two salt marshes located in the provinces of Valencia and Alicante, respectively, in southeast Spain. Electrical conductivity, pH, Na+ and Cl&#8722; concentrations were measured in soil samples collected in parallel with the plant material. Important Findings Treatment with NaCl inhibited growth of J. acutus plants in a concentration-dependent manner, but only under high salt conditions for J. maritimus. Salt treatments led to proline accumulation in both species, especially in the more salt-tolerant J. maritimus. The results, obtained under laboratory conditions, were confirmed in plants sampled in the field. In all the samplings, proline contents were significantly lower in J. acutus than in the more tolerant J. maritimus growing in the same area. No direct correlation between soil salinity and proline levels could be established, but seasonal variations were detected, with increased proline contents under accentuated water deficit conditions. Our results suggest that proline biosynthesis is not only an induced, general response to salt stress but also an important contributing factor in the physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance in Juncus, and that it therefore correlates with the ecology of both species.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and European Regional Development Fund to O.V. (CGL2008-00438/BOS); Polytechnic University of Valencia to M. B. (PAID-06-09).Boscaiu, M.; Lull, C.; Llinares Palacios, JV.; Vicente, O.; Boira Tortajada, H. (2013). Proline as a biochemical marker in relation to the ecology of two halophytic Juncus species. Journal of Plant Ecology. 6(2):177-186. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rts017S1771866

cpDNA supports the identification of the major lineages of American <i>Blechnum</i> (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida) established by morphology

Blechnaceae is an important leptosporangiate family (9–10 genera, about 250 species). It is monophyletic and distributed mainly in tropical America and Australasia. Among the species 80% belong to Blechnum, a genus with a very complex taxonomy and uncertain internal relationships. In terms of American diversity, the results of morphological studies have arrived at 8 informal groups. Molecular works on this genus are scarce, and there is no information for the majority of American species. The main objective of this work was to evaluate whether the groups proposed to organise the diversity of American of Blechnum are consistent with a molecular analysis. We sequenced 2 chloroplastic regions from species representing all of the groups. In our molecular analysis most of the informal groups were maintained as well supported clades. Only 2 species, B. brasiliense and B. spicant, appear to be isolated from their alleged relatives. Combining our molecular results with previous morphological knowledge, we propose the recognition of 4 lineages: 1) B. serrulatum , 2) B. spicant, and 3) core Blechnum, which represents a large clade that can be divided into core Blechnum I (arborescent species, cordatoids, and B. brasiliense) and core Blechnum II (epiphytic species and herbaceous terrestrials, both monomorphic and dimorphic groups).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse